近日，澎湃新聞（www.thepaper.cn）接獲舉報(bào)，北京外國語大學(xué)2012屆博士畢業(yè)生、現(xiàn)供職于湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院的楊佑文在讀博期間發(fā)表的學(xué)術(shù)論文，涉嫌大面積抄襲安徽大學(xué)的一篇碩士學(xué)位論文。
隨后，澎湃新聞?dòng)浾邚陌俣葘W(xué)術(shù)網(wǎng)和中國知網(wǎng)上下載了這兩篇論文，分別是北京外國語大學(xué)博士畢業(yè)生楊佑文在2011年讀博期間發(fā)表在學(xué)術(shù)期刊Theory and Practice in Language Studies（TPLS是2011年創(chuàng)刊的一本學(xué)術(shù)期刊，出版周期是月刊，其出版方是芬蘭研究學(xué)會(huì)出版社）上的一篇題為《A Cognitive Interpretation of Discourse Deixis》的論文（以下簡稱“楊佑文論文”），和安徽大學(xué)英語語言文學(xué)專業(yè)2003屆碩士畢業(yè)生孫中勤的碩士學(xué)位論文《Cognitive Approach to Deixis》（以下簡稱“孫中勤論文”）。
北京外國語大學(xué)博士畢業(yè)生楊佑文讀博期間發(fā)表的學(xué)術(shù)論文被舉報(bào)涉嫌抄襲安徽大學(xué)畢業(yè)生孫中勤的碩士學(xué)位論文。
從時(shí)間上來看，孫中勤論文完成于2003年5月，楊佑文論文發(fā)表于2011年2月，楊佑文論文的發(fā)表時(shí)間比孫中勤論文晚了近8年。
澎湃新聞對比發(fā)現(xiàn)，從正文到總結(jié)部分再到參考文獻(xiàn)，楊佑文論文都與孫中勤論文高度雷同，部分段落近乎完全一致。
針對楊佑文論文涉嫌抄襲一事，12月21日，澎湃新聞電話聯(lián)系了北京外國語大學(xué)和湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)。兩所高校相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人均表示，對學(xué)術(shù)不端問題十分重視，將盡快調(diào)查核實(shí)。
正文和參考文獻(xiàn)近乎照搬
首先，從正文結(jié)構(gòu)上看，孫中勤論文分為5個(gè)部分，分別是“Introduction”、“Traditional Approaches to Deixis”、“Limitations of Traditional Views on Deixis”、“Cognitive Approach to Deixis”和“Conclusion”。
其中，第四部分“Cognitive Approach to Deixis”又下設(shè)4個(gè)小節(jié)，題目分別是“The ICM of Deixis”、“Mental Space Theory and Deixis”、“Deictic Prototype Effect”和“Physical Space Lays the Foundation for Deixis”。
楊佑文論文也分為5個(gè)部分，分別是“Deixis in Discourse”、“Discourse Deixis”、“A Cognitive Interpretation of Deixis”、“Spatial Conceptualization of Discourse Deixis”和“Conclusion”。
澎湃新聞對比發(fā)現(xiàn)，楊佑文論文雖然題目設(shè)置與孫中勤論文不一樣，但具體內(nèi)容高度雷同，多個(gè)段落近乎一字不差。
比如，孫中勤論文第一部分“Introduction”開頭寫道：“Deixis in its traditional linguistic sense refers to the fact that certain linguistic forms have direct pragmatic interpretation depending on parameters of the speech situation, rather than a stable semantic value. In particular, their interpretation is contextually anchored to the identity of the speaker and addressee, their locations, and the time of the utterance. When A asks B on the phone, ‘Will you come here?’the linguistic expressions you, here, and will are interpreted as ‘addressee’, ‘location of the speaker’, and ‘after time of utterance’, respectively.”
楊佑文論文第一部分“Deixis in Discourse”的第一段內(nèi)容是：“Deixis in its traditional linguistic sense refers to the fact that certain linguistic forms have direct pragmatic interpretation depending on parameters of the speech situation, rather than a stable semantic value. Specifically, their interpretation is contextually anchored to the identity of the speaker and addressee, their locations, and the time of the utterance. When A asks B on the phone, ‘Will you come here?’the linguistic expressions ‘you’, ‘here’（and even ‘come’）, and ‘will’ are interpreted as the ‘addressee’, ‘location of the speaker’, and ‘after time of utterance’, respectively.”
楊佑文論文第一部分（下）和孫中勤論文第一部分（上）雷同的內(nèi)容。
對比發(fā)現(xiàn)，楊佑文論文除了多了幾個(gè)引號和一個(gè)括號注解，又將“In particular”改成“Specifically”，其他內(nèi)容均與孫中勤論文一致。
再比如，孫中勤論文第四部分第一節(jié)“The ICM of Deixis”的一段內(nèi)容是：“Lakoff calls the above the pointing-out ICM of there-constructions, and convincingly argues that it gives rise to the prototypical structure of this category and motivates its various uses. It is clear from the above that this description of deixis is based on the following inferences: firstly, there should be an existential presupposition of an entity in space; secondly, the speaker intends to direct the hearers attention to the entity, and thirdly, the speakers intention is fulfilled by the use of the particular construction. It is reasonable to assume that whatever definition is proposed for the deictic ICM, it should include the three essential aspects of the ICM of there-constructions.”
楊佑文論文在題目相同的小節(jié)“The ICM of Deixis”中也寫道：“Lakoff calls the above the pointing-out ICM of there-constructions, and convincingly argues that it gives rise to the prototypical structure of this category and motivates its various uses. It is clear from the above that this description of deixis is based on the following inferences: firstly, there should be an existential presupposition of an entity in space; secondly, the speaker intends to direct the hearers attention to the entity, and thirdly, the speakers intention is fulfilled by the use of the particular construction. It is reasonable to assume that whatever definition is proposed for the deictic ICM, it should include the three essential aspects of the ICM of there-constructions.”
仔細(xì)對比發(fā)現(xiàn)，以上兩段內(nèi)容包括標(biāo)點(diǎn)在內(nèi)，毫無差別。
楊佑文論文第三部分第一節(jié)（下）“the ICM of deixis”大部分內(nèi)容與孫中勤論文第四部分第一小節(jié)（上）內(nèi)容近乎完全一致。
還比如，孫中勤論文第四部分第二節(jié)“Mebtal Space”有一段內(nèi)容表述為：“An ICM structures a mental space. Mental spaces are ‘constructs distinct from linguistic structures but built up in any discourse according to guidelines provided by the linguistic expressions’ (Fauconnier1985:16). They concern the understanding of any fixed or ongoing states of affairs such as immediate reality, fictional or hypothetical situations, past or future situations, representations of situations as in pictures and photos, or abstract domains such as subject matters (economics, politics, linguistics, etc.). Linguistic expressions functioning as space-builders include prepositional phrases, such as ‘in the play’, adverbs (‘really’, ‘probably’), connectives (‘if...then’, ‘either...or’), and clauses of prepositional attitude (Mary hopes...,believes...,claims..., etc.). Mental spaces are represented as sets of elements with relations holding between them. Elements in a space may have counterparts in another space. An element in one space may trigger another element, the target, in another space on the basis of a pragmatic function holding between the two elements. For example, one pragmatic function links authors with their works. Thus, reference to the author may trigger reference to his works, and the connector between the two is the above pragmatic function. It is suggested that ‘connectors are part of ICMs, which are set up locally, culturally, or on general experiential or psychological grounds’ (Fauconnier 1985:10).”
楊佑文論文在題目相同的小節(jié)“Mental Space”也寫道：“An ICM structures a mental space. Mental spaces are ‘constructs distinct from linguistic structures but built up in any discourse according to guidelines provided by the linguistic expressions’ (Fauconnier,1985,p.16). They concern the understanding of any fixed or ongoing states of affairs such as immediate reality, fictional or hypothetical situations, past or future situations, representations of situations as in pictures and photos, or abstract domains such as subject matters (economics, politics, linguistics, etc.). Linguistic expressions functioning as space-builders include prepositional phrases, such as ‘in the play’, adverbs (‘really’, ‘probably’), connectives (‘if...then’, ‘either...or’), and clauses of prepositional attitude (Mary hopes...,believes...,claims..., etc.). Mental spaces are represented as sets of elements with relations holding between them. Elements in a space may have counterparts in another space. An element in one space may trigger another element, the target, in another space on the basis of a pragmatic function holding between the two elements. For example, one pragmatic function links authors with their works. Thus, reference to the author may trigger reference to his works, and the connector between the two is the above pragmatic function. It is suggested that ‘connectors are part of ICMs, which are set up locally, culturally, or on general experiential or psychological grounds’ (Fauconnier,1985,p.10).”
對比發(fā)現(xiàn)，以上兩段內(nèi)容，除了“Fauconnier1985:16”被改寫成“Fauconnier,1985,p.16”，以及“Fauconnier1985:10”被改成“Fauconnier,1985,p.10”，其他內(nèi)容一字不差。
楊佑文論文第三部分第二節(jié)（下）“mental space”的部分內(nèi)容與孫中勤論文第四部分第二小節(jié)（上）不但題目相同，而且內(nèi)容也高度相似。
除此之外，澎湃新聞?dòng)浾哌�對比發(fā)現(xiàn)，楊佑文論文的結(jié)語，與孫中勤論文開篇的總體介紹高度相似。
孫中勤論文在“Introduction”最后一段寫道：“My paper aims at proposing a cognitive structure for deixis, in terms of which deixis is understood and used to structure reality, so that reality is internally experienced and hence reproduced or changed. The approach to deixis adopted in the paper originates in cognitive semantics and comprises cognitive models, image schematic and metaphorical structures as in Lakoff (1987) and LakofF and Johson (1999), mental spaces as in Fauconnier (1985, 1997), and prototype structure as in Rosch (1978) and Taylor (1995).”
楊佑文論文則在結(jié)語“Conclusion”第一段寫道：“This paper aims at proposing a cognitive structure for discourse deixis, in terms of which deixis is understood and used to structure reality, so that reality is internally experienced and hence reproduced or changed. The approach to deixis adopted in the paper originates in cognitive semantics and comprises cognitive models, image schematic and metaphorical structures as in Lakoff (1987) and Lakoff and Johson (1999), mental spaces as in Fauconnier(1985, 1997), and prototype structure as in Rosch (1978) and Taylor (1995).”
對比發(fā)現(xiàn)，楊佑文論文除了將“my paper”改成“this paper”，以及將孫中勤論文這段內(nèi)容中第一次出現(xiàn)的“deixis”改成“discourse deixis”，其他部分與孫中勤論文的表述一模一樣。
楊佑文論文28條參考文獻(xiàn)中23條（下）和孫中勤論文的參考文獻(xiàn)（上）一致。
除了論文正文，楊佑文論文的參考文獻(xiàn)部分，也近乎照搬孫中勤論文的參考文獻(xiàn)。
孫中勤論文有37條參考文獻(xiàn)，楊佑文論文有28條參考文獻(xiàn)。對比發(fā)現(xiàn)，楊佑文論文的28條參考文獻(xiàn)中有23條文獻(xiàn)，包括作者、出版社和頁碼，均和孫中勤論文的參考文獻(xiàn)一致。
北外和湖北工大均回應(yīng)會(huì)調(diào)查處理
澎湃新聞從楊佑文論文最后一段的自我介紹中了解到，楊佑文生于1967年，是湖北黃岡人，2002年從湖北大學(xué)獲得碩士學(xué)位。發(fā)表這篇涉嫌抄襲的學(xué)術(shù)論文時(shí)，即2011年2月，楊佑文正在北京外國語大學(xué)攻讀博士學(xué)位，彼時(shí)，他還同時(shí)是溫州大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院的一名教師。
2011年12月，楊佑文完成其博士學(xué)位論文，2012年拿到博士學(xué)位。
《北京外國語大學(xué)懲處學(xué)術(shù)不端行為具體辦法》規(guī)定，已畢業(yè)的學(xué)生，如果在校期間有諸如剽竊、抄襲、嚴(yán)重抄襲、篡改實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)、偽造等學(xué)術(shù)不端行為的，將被撤銷其學(xué)位并收回畢業(yè)證書及學(xué)位證書。
12月21日上午，針對此事，北京外國語大學(xué)科研處李姓老師對澎湃新聞回應(yīng)稱，楊佑文是該校2012屆的博士畢業(yè)生。
學(xué)校方面目前已經(jīng)接到了關(guān)于楊佑文學(xué)術(shù)不端的舉報(bào)。學(xué)校紀(jì)委辦公室已就此事下發(fā)相關(guān)函件，聯(lián)合研究生院和科研處等部門啟動(dòng)了調(diào)查處理程序，同時(shí)請了校外的知名專家配合調(diào)查。此外，科研處也將此事告知了英語學(xué)院，英語學(xué)院也正在進(jìn)行相關(guān)調(diào)查核實(shí)。
“學(xué)校對學(xué)風(fēng)建設(shè)十分重視，對此事目前正在積極處理之中。”上述李姓老師補(bǔ)充說，“學(xué)校一定會(huì)積極妥善地處理此事，給出一個(gè)令人信服的處理結(jié)果。”
隨后澎湃新聞?dòng)致?lián)系了楊佑文目前的供職單位湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)。湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)官網(wǎng)顯示，楊佑文系該校外國語學(xué)院副院長。
此外，學(xué)校官網(wǎng)今年6月25日曾發(fā)布一則關(guān)于調(diào)整該校學(xué)術(shù)委員會(huì)和二級學(xué)院教授委員會(huì)組成的通知，楊佑文在此次調(diào)整中還被列入湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)委員會(huì)委員名單之中。
針對楊佑文論文涉嫌抄襲一事，21日上午，湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)紀(jì)委有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人接受澎湃新聞采訪時(shí)表示，湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)一直沒有放松對嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)治學(xué)學(xué)風(fēng)建設(shè)的要求，雖然目前校方還未接到對楊佑文論文涉嫌抄襲的舉報(bào)，但校方會(huì)盡快了解此事。
隨后，澎湃新聞?dòng)种码姾惫I(yè)大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院，該學(xué)院黨委書記王俊表示，感謝媒體對學(xué)校學(xué)風(fēng)建設(shè)的關(guān)注，學(xué)校對學(xué)術(shù)不端的問題非常重視，會(huì)在第一時(shí)間調(diào)查核實(shí)此事，情況屬實(shí)會(huì)盡快啟動(dòng)處理程序。
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